Substance Abuse In Native Populations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1167 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Substance Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Alcoholism and drug abuse are things that I grew up within my family. My grandparents smoked, my mother and father smoked along with many other family members, many of which started before they hit Oregons previous smoking legal age of eighteen. I havent lived with my father in a long time, but what I remember from when he did live with me was that he was drunk. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Substance Abuse In Native Populations" essay for you Create order A lot. It wasnt just him either. His parents drank a lot, and so did their parents along with many of my tribal family members. I didnt grow up on the reservation, or with my tribal family, but I do know that many families are like mine in my tribal community. I dont want you to read this and automatically assume that all Native Americans are alcoholics and they all use drugs and smoke, because thats just not the case. Alcoholism is prevalent in all races and ethnicities, but is higher in White and Native American/Alaskan Native communities. With the current US population, 74.27 percent of white males and 65.10 percent of white females drink. Native Americans/Alaskan Natives arent too far behind though (Chartier and Caetano). 65.48 percent of Native males and 51.66 of Native females drink (Chartier and Caetano). The percent of weekly and daily heavy drinkers is higher in Native men and women than it is in any other ethnicity or race. Native population is a very small percentage of the US population, it being 0.9 percent of the overall United States population. That is 2.9 million Alaskan Natives/American Natives. 32 percent of that population is under the age of 18 (National Congress of American Indians). The Native youth attribute a lot to the stable percentage of alcohol use in Native communities. Native youth have the highest rates of alcohol use disorders. In a school-based survey in 1993, 71 percent of Indian youth from grades 7 to 12 reported having ever used alcohol, and 55 percent reported having ever been drunk. This is a large percentage, especially since the consumption of alcohol in Native youth has stayed relatively the same since 1975 (Beauvais). There are many factors that can lead to, or have lead to the numbers of alcoholism cases in Native populations. Some of these factors include; genetic influences, generational trauma, social and cultural influences, attitudes, poverty, cultural dissociation, oppression and mental illness (Bentley/Beauvais). There are many other factors that can contribute to alcoholism, not just the few that I listed. Some factors that I would really like to dive in to is the generational trauma and genetic influences when it comes to alcoholism in the Native community. A quote from Andrew Bentleys article Alcohol: Its Different for Native Americans that stood out to me was, Often, what people forget about alcohol dependency in Indian Country is that its different for Native Americans than other ethnicities (Bentley). Alcohol is relatively new for Native Americans, and they have a long and difficult history with it (Bentley). Before colonization, very few tribes had alcohol. The few tribes that had a lcohol only had weak beers that had a very low alcohol content(Insert Source 6). The beers were typically used for none other than ceremonial purposes. For them, there was no known way of making the beers stronger like the beers and other alcoholic beverages brought to the US by colonization. Europeans would use the alcohol as items for trade. They would trade it with the Natives for furs and other items that the Natives had and the colonizers did not. Europeans made a huge profit off tribal members. Alcohol runs out, they werent given an endless supply, so tribal members would go back to the colonizers bringing furs and other goods and delicacies with them to trade in for alcohol. This is what started the drinking style called binge drinking (Beauvais). This newly found dependency on alcohol for Native Americans grew and grew. The colonizers began to punish the Natives for the behavior caused by the alcohol, but the tribal members werent acting any differently than any of the colonizers. It didnt stop natives from drinking, though. The drinking has been passed d own for generations and generations. Genetics account for 50 to 60 percent of the risk for alcoholism among men (Beauvais). There are many Native programs in place to help prevent alcoholism in the communities. One program that is in place and is a huge help to Native community members is The Indian Health Service or IHS. A program that branches out of the IHS is The Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program. The Alcohol and Substance Abuse Programs (also known as ASAP) mission is, to reduce the incidence and prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse among the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population to a level that is at or below the general U.S. population (https://www.ihs.gov/asap/). ASAP is a tribally operated program that opens up resources for children and adults to help prevent alcoholism and provide support for people and their families who may struggle with alcoholism. On their webpage they provide numerous resources along with a confidential, 24-hour, 365 day, hotline for those who are seeking help. Aside from these Native programs, there are other programs like AAA and Detox/Rehab program s in all communities that have been set in place to help with the alcoholism issue that we have in all communities, not just the Native community. The generalizations and stereotypes for Native people are that we are all poor, we live in isolated communities, we are given government handouts and that we are all a bunch of drunks. Alcoholism isnt something that affects one race or one community of people. It is something that is felt by all communities. Every race, every ethnicity and every gender. As I said earlier, alcohol and alcoholism is something that is relatively new for the Native people, we have a long a dark history with it, and it is something that I feel is very prevalent in all Native communities. It is something that should be fixed, and the history of it, no matter how dark, shouldnt be kept from the community. It should be taught so we can learn from our ancestors and prevent the next generations from taking the wrong path. Sources Alcohol and Native Americans. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans. Beauvais, Fred. American Indians and Alcohol. pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/. Bentley, Andrew. Alcohol: Its Different for Native Americans  « Native American / American Indian Blog by Partnership With Native Americans. Native American / American Indian Blog by Partnership With Native Americans, 2013, blog.nativepartnership.org/alcohol-its-different-for-native-americans/. Chartier, Karen, and Raul Caetano. Ethnicity and Health Disparities in Alcohol Research. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh40/152-160.htm National Congress of American Indians. Demographics. Tribal Governance | NCAI, www.ncai.org/about-tribes/demographics. Riley, Naomi Schaefer. To Solve Alcoholism, Native Americans Must Look inside Reservations. USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 18 May 201 , www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/05/18/ south-dakota-indian-liquor-alcoholism-column/101484586/.

healthy food and its importance - 1077 Words

Healthy Eating and Its Importance â€Å"To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art† Francois de La Rochefoucauld (1613 - 1680). Eating is necessary in order to live; but to eat with knowledge is a talent in it self. Unhealthy eating is one of the fastest growing health risks today. Obesity is a contributing factor... Premium2359 Words10 Pages The Perception of Healthy Food at Universiti Kuala Lumpur Pasir Gudang Title: Perception’s of healthy food among UniKL MITEC community Chapter 1.0 : Introduction 1.1 Background of Study It is believed that many does not understood the importance of food pyramid. Columbia Electronic Encyclopaedia (2007) describes carbohydrate at the base of the pyramid (6... Premium2383 Words10†¦show more content†¦He will often rationalize not eating or chose to eat light snacks for his total daily consumption. There... Premium2846 Words12 Pages Does Burger King or Mcdonald Serve Cheap and Healthy Fast Food? Research and decision making Project Does Burger king or McDonald serve cheap and healthy Fast Food? Does Burger king or McDonald serve cheap and healthy Fast Food Abstract There are number of players in this fast food business like McDonald , Burger King , KFC, Wendy’s all are fast food... Premium1243 Words5 Pages Less Fast Food, More Healthy Life Ashley Miao Proposal Paper Less Fast Food, More Healthy Life McDonald s, KFC, Subway, Burger King, various fast food restaurants fill the streets from dawn onward; meanwhile, these kinds of fast food restaurants attract customers’... Premium2608 Words11 Pages Kraft Food Case Study Step 1: Identify the firm’s existing vision, mission, objectives and strategies. Kraft Foods Vision Statement †¢ â€Å"Helping People Around the World Eat and Live Better. †¢ â€Å"Make Today Delicious† The following core values guide Kraft Foods actions as they strive to ac... Premium2606 Words11 Pages Fast Food Industry of Pakistan CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction: a) Introduction to topic: Fast food is food, which is prepared and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages on tables set for individuals, pairsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Eating Healthy960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Eating Healthy Eating healthy is imperative for your life. A healthy diet is the key to being fit. It is unlike any other regimen. You will feel so pure, balanced, and alert. A solid regimen even prevents some health issues. You will love your body and your body will love you if you begin healthy eating habits. There are significant reasons why eating healthy is vital to your health. Maintaining healthy eating habits does so much for your body. 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This was prompted by mes sages with the media and was reinforced by the changes that were made in the policy in schools and childcare centers. The action plan should make efforts to continue media messages as well as incorporatedRead MoreEating Together, By Barbara Fiese And Marlene Sehwartz967 Words   |  4 Pagesis not easy for many families to eat together due to the pace of life. It is particularly crucial for parents to recognize the importance of eating together as a family and the huge difference that promotes a healthy environment enjoyable to their children. Family meals are excellent ways to protect children from exposure to various dangerous alternatives, such as fast foods that contain high sugar and fat but low nutritional value. Although it is more difficult for some parents to accomplish this

The Whig Party and its Presidents

The Whig Party was an early American political party organized in the 1830s to oppose the principles and policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. Along with the Democratic Party, the Whig Party played a key role in the Second Party System that prevailed until the middle 1860s. Key Takeaways: The Whig Party The Whig Party was an early American political party active from the 1830s to the 1860s.The Whig Party was formed to oppose the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party.Whigs favored a strong Congress, a modernized national banking system, and conservative fiscal policy.The Whigs generally opposed westward expansion and manifest destiny.Only two Whigs, William H. Harrison, and Zachary Taylor were ever elected president on their own. Whig presidents John Tyler and Millard Fillmore assumed the presidency through succession.The inability of its leaders to agree on key national issues such as slavery confused voters and led to the eventual breakup of the old Whig party. Drawing from the traditions of the Federalist Party, the Whigs stood for the supremacy of the legislative branch over the executive branch, a modern banking system, and economic protectionism through trade restrictions and tariffs. The Whigs were strongly opposed to Jackson’s â€Å"Trail of Tears† American Indian removal plan forcing the relocation of southern Indian tribes to federally-owned lands west of the Mississippi River. Among voters, the Whig Party drew support from entrepreneurs, plantation owners, and the urban middle class, while enjoying little support among farmers and unskilled workers. Prominent founders of the Whig Party included politician Henry Clay, future 9th president William H. Harrison, politician Daniel Webster, and newspaper mogul Horace Greeley. Though he would later be elected president as a Republican, Abraham Lincoln was an early Whig organizer in frontier Illinois. What Did the Whigs Want?’ Party founders chose the name â€Å"Whig† to reflect the beliefs of the American Whigs—the group of colonial period patriots who rallied the people to fight for independence from England in 1776. Associating their name with the anti-monarchist group of English Whigs allowed Whig Party supporters to derisively depict President Andrew Jackson as â€Å"King Andrew.† As it was originally organized, the Whig Party supported a balance of powers between state and national government, compromise in legislative disputes, the protection of American manufacturing from foreign competition, and the development of a federal transportation system. The Whigs were generally opposed to rapid westward territorial expansion as embodied in the doctrine of â€Å"manifest destiny.†Ã‚  In an 1843 letter to a fellow Kentuckian, Whig leader Henry Clay stated, â€Å"It is much more important that we unite, harmonize, and improve what we have than attempt to acquire more.† Ultimately, however, it would be the inability of its own leaders to agree on many of the issues making up its overly-diverse platform that would lead to its demise. The Whig Party Presidents and Nominees While the Whig Party nominated several candidates between 1836 and 1852, only two—William H. Harrison in 1840 and Zachary Taylor in 1848—were ever elected president on their own and they both died during their first terms in office. In the 1836 election won by Democratic-Republican Martin Van Buren, the still loosely-organized Whig Party nominated four presidential candidates: William Henry Harrison appeared on ballots in the Northern and border states, Hugh Lawson White ran in several Southern states, Willie P. Mangum ran in South Carolina, while Daniel Webster ran in Massachusetts. Two other Whigs became president through the process of succession. John Tyler succeeded to the presidency after Harrisons death in 1841 but was expelled from the party shortly afterward. The last Whig president, Millard Fillmore, assumed the office after Zachary Taylors death in 1850.   As president, John Tyler’s support of manifest destiny and the annexation of Texas angered Whig leadership. Believing much of the Whig legislative agenda to be unconstitutional, he vetoed several of his own partys bills. When most of his Cabinet resigned a few weeks into his second term, Whig leaders, dubbing him â€Å"His Accidency,† expelled him from the party. After its last presidential nominee, General Winfield Scott of New Jersey was soundly defeated by Democrat Franklin Pierce in the 1852 election, the days of the Whig Party were numbered. The Downfall of the Whig Party Throughout its history, the Whig Party suffered politically from the inability of its leaders to agree on high-profile issues of the day. While its founders had been united in their opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson, when it came to other matters, it was too often a case of Whig vs. Whig. While most other Whigs generally opposed Catholicism, eventual Whig Party founder Henry Clay had joined the party’s arch-enemy Andrew Jackson in becoming the nation’s first presidential candidates to openly seek the votes of Catholics in the election of 1832. On other issues, top Whig leaders including Henry Clay and Daniel Webster would express disparate opinions as they campaigned in different states. More critically, Whig leaders split over the festering issue of slavery as embodied by the annexation of Texas as a slave state and California as a free state. In the 1852 election, its leadership’s inability to agree on slavery prevented the party from nominating its own incumbent President Millard Fillmore. Instead, the Whigs nominated General Winfield Scott who went on to lose by an embarrassing landslide. So upset by the drubbing was Whig U.S. Representative Lewis D. Campbell that he exclaimed, â€Å"We are slayed. The party is dead—dead—dead!† Indeed, in its attempt to be too many things to too many voters, the Whig Party proved to be its own worst enemy. The Whig Legacy After their embarrassingly ill-fated run in 1852 election, many former Whigs joined the Republican Party, eventually dominating it during the administration of Whig-turned-Republican President Abraham Lincoln from 1861 to 1865. After the Civil War, it was Southern Whigs who led the white response to Reconstruction. Eventually, post-Civil War American government adopted many Whig conservative economic policies. Today, the phrase â€Å"going the way of the Whigs† is used by politicians and political scientists to refer to political parties destined to fail due to their fractured identity and lack of a unified platform. The Modern Whig Party In 2007, the Modern Whig Party was organized as a â€Å"middle-of-the-road,† grassroots third political party dedicated to â€Å"the restoration of representative government in our nation.† Reportedly founded by a group of U.S. soldiers while on combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, the party generally supports fiscal conservatism, a strong military, and integrity and pragmatism in creating policy and legislation. According to the party’s platform statement, its overarching goal is to assist the American people â€Å"in returning control of their government to their hands.† Following the 2008 presidential election won by Democrat Barack Obama, the Modern Whigs launched a campaign to attract moderate and conservative Democrats, as well as moderate Republicans who felt disenfranchised by what they perceived as their party’s shift to the extreme-right as expressed by the Tea Party movement. While some members of the Modern Whig Party have so far been elected to a few local offices, they ran as Republicans or independents. Despite undergoing a major structural and leadership facelift in 2014, as of 2018, the party had yet to nominate any candidates for  a major federal office. Whig Party Key Points The Whig Party was an early American political party active from the 1830s to the 1860sThe Whig Party was formed to oppose the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party.Whigs favored a strong Congress, a modernized national banking system, and conservative fiscal policy.The Whigs generally opposed westward expansion and manifest destiny.Only two Whigs, William H. Harrison, and Zachary Taylor were ever elected president on their own. Whig presidents John Tyler and Millard Fillmore assumed the presidency through succession.The inability of its leaders to agree on key national issues such as slavery confused voters and led to the eventual breakup of the party. Sources Whig Party: Facts and Summary, History.comBrown, Thomas (1985). Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. ISBN 0-231-05602-8.Cole, Arthur Charles (1913). The Whig Party in the South, online versionFoner, Eric (1970). Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. ISBN 0-19-501352-2.Holt, Michael F. (1992). Political Parties and American Political Development: From the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln. ISBN 0-8071-2609-8.

The Facts Of God Existence - 846 Words

The facts of God existence is everywhere and in everything, with some of the facts and data we discuss from a world wide spread of facts of religious experience should help a non-believer question his way of thinking. I will start out by giving my own personal experience, during the gulf war I was a 1 sgt in a combat unit. As a 1 sgt you always want to lead from the front and set the example for those to emulate, you have to know yourself people and your equipment. On this day December the 15, 2003 we were on patrol we came to a four way intersection outside the mean gate, notice traffic had stop and one Iraqi man got out the vehicle and started to run towards the main gate with a bag in hand we shouted halt he kept running, the rules of engagement was if they acted with hostile intent or to cause harm to American lives we were to engage. Being the senior person on the patrol I decided to take the shot being that I had some sniper training and was the best man for the job at the time, I fired and the bottom of my magazine well just came apart and all my bullets came out, I hurried and reloaded another magazine by this time he had taking the squat a hold position. After further investigation we found out he was a guard late for work, we look and inspected my magazine and reloaded it I test fired it, and it worked perfectly all four of my soldiers test and fired that magazine and it work properly. God had a plan for that man and I he saved us bot h of us that day none of usShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Very Brief History on the Existence of God 1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe subsequent essay will provide a brief overview on the existence of God from Renà © Descartes through Immanuel Kant. First, section (1), examines Descartes’ proof for the existence of God. Section (2), explores G.W. Leibniz’s view on God’s existence in addition to his attempts to rectify the shortcomings of Descartes’ proofs. Before continuing, it is imperative to understand that both Descartes and Leibniz believed that the existence of God could be proved via reason. The remainder of the essayRead MoreDoes God Exist?668 Words   |  3 Pagesculture has its God. Christianity and Islam have their own god; the Romans and Greeks had their Pantheon. A lot of people believe in god have thought that there is more to life the material world around us. It seems arises naturally the world over by believing in god. Does God exist? I believe in God is exists by the philosophical argument: ontological argument, the first cause argument, the argument form design, and the moral argument. Arguments relate to the existence of God are in differentRead MoreEssay on The Existence Of God908 Words   |  4 PagesPopular Arguments For The Existence Of God The Ontological Argument One of the most important attempts to demonstrate the existence of God is the ontological argument of Saint Anselm, an 11th-century theologian. Anselm’s argument maintains that God, defined as the greatest being that can be conceived, must exist, since a being that does not exist would by virtue of that fact lack an attribute that contributes to its greatness. Critics have questioned, however, whether existence actually contributesRead MoreBombardier Aerospace: An Overview1590 Words   |  6 PagesWhich argument for the existence of God is strongest? Why? An age-old debate that has existed in religious studies concerns which argument for the existence of God is the strongest. The existence of God is pervasive throughout the world, although the means with which people attempt to prove His existence varying in significant (and sometimes contrasting) ways. Although there have been myriad methods for proving Gods existence, a central dispute concerns whether or not to use a rational approachRead MoreThe Nature And Existence Of God1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate on whether there is existence of God or not. Several approaches have been used to argue on the nature and existence of god but only a few have been accepted by many people. The physiological argument of the nature and existence of god take the form of epistemology, that looks at the nature of god from the scope of knowledge that man has, ontology that involves the study of how human being relate to god and other creatures, the reality and existence of certain facts. There is al so the applicationRead MoreEssay on Descartes Proof For The Existence Of God1543 Words   |  7 Pages Descartes Proof for the Existence of God The purpose of my essay will be to examine Descartes’ argument for the existence of God. First, I will review Descartes’ proof for the existence of God. Then I will examine the reasons that Descartes has for proving God’s existence. I will also discuss some consequences that appear as a result of God’s existence. Finally, I will point out some complications and problems that exist within the proof. The basic problem with most religions in the world hasRead MoreThe Role of God in Descartes Epistemology1356 Words   |  5 Pages The presence of God, and more so the role god plays in our lives, has forever troubled philosophers. Some completely neglect the existence of god, others toy with the idea, and some use religion as the basis of their epistemology. Throughout this essay, I aim to critically examine the role of God in Descartes’ epistemology. Renà © Descartes’ epistemological contribution to western philosophy attempted to inaugurate a coherent method of questioning whereby knowledge of the world is attained independentlyRead MoreAn Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1430 Words   |  6 Pages(1779), Hume has the character of Demea present an Ontological Argument for the existence of God. Demea attempts to argue that God’s existence can be proven wholly a priori and logically, rather than through the a posteriori design argument. A priori arguments say that if the reasoning is valid then the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, which Demea argues is the cas e when it comes to the existence of god. The following essay will discuss Demea s standing, Cleanthes’ responses and whatRead MoreThe Five Ways Of The Existence Of God1557 Words   |  7 Pagesby Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). We cannot prove that God exists, merely by considering the word God, for that strategy work, we would have to presume to know God s essence. According to Aquinas, the existence of God can be proved. This paper will discuss what each of the five ways are that Thomas Aquinas introduced to show the existence of God. The Argument from Change: To begin with, one way to prove that God exists is to contemplate the fact that natural things are in motion. According to AquinasRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning the existence of God. If God exists, we probably have to make him accountable. The universe would probably have a meaning and a purpose. Also, our very existence may not be cease after physical death. But if God does not exist, we are probably here by chance and we have no accountability to any transcendent. This life is probably all we have, so we should live as we please. The question arises - Does God exist? At first glance, it seems contradictory to prove the existence of something

Analysis and assumption for all task Free Essays

Introduction As a pupil of international advanced sheepskin in computing machine surveies ( NCC instruction ) , we need to make the Database Design and Development Assignment. This database assignment will let you to understand how to use informations patterning and informations analysis ways to the design and development of database solutions. Harmonizing to this assignment scenario, we will analysis and plan the database system about Research Department of a big Research and Development Company. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis and assumption for all task or any similar topic only for you Order Now This Research Department is responsible for can pull off the research undertakings of this company. As I understand, this research section keeps information on every research undertakings which is carried out by this company. The research section keeps the undermentioned information concern with the undertaking. These field names are full undertaking name, continuance, start day of the month, terminal day of the month, internal employee involved and their functions in the undertaking ( functions are project director, principl research worker, developer ) , employee clip, inside informations of any external employees involved in the undertaking, entire undertaking cost, expansive sum received from support bureaus and undertaking result which describes successful or unsuccessful. They besides keeps the information concern with internal employees and external employees who involved in their undertaking. For external employee, this research section keeps the undermentioned information: their name, reference, company they work for, how many hours they have worked on the undertaking, cost of employment. And this research section besides have an restrict regulation. That is external employee can merely be the two functions, chief research worker or developer among three functions. And for internal employee they keep the undermentioned information. They separate information into two parts. They are personal information and undertaking related information. In the personal information, it contains full name, age, reference, nationality, makings, research squad, ( terminal of contract day of the month besides included if the individual is left ) ; And in the undertaking related information, they keeps the internal employee involved in which undertakings, current employment station name, class, employment get downing day of the month, and current wage. But internal employee can make full all functions for every undertakings ( chief research worker, developer and undertaking director ) . Both types of employee may use the assorted functions at the same clip. The assignment intended to bring forth the entity relation diagram which describes the content and construction of the information of the Research section. And so bring forth the entities with properties and the key of primary and foreign. Then normalise the signifier design to table and set up the ensuing tabular array by utilizing the Data Base Management System ( DBMS ) and enter the trial information to the relevant tabular arraies. Then produce the question which is given in undertaking of assignment by utilizing SQL statement. Then retrieve the needed records from the relevant tabular array. Analysis and Assumption for All undertakings Undertaking 1 is to pull the Entity Relationship Diagram of Research section which explains content and construction of the informations held by Research Department of the big research and Development Company. Harmonizing to the undertaking scenario, we got 12 entities for research section. They are valid undertaking, valid project/project, research, employment, employment/internal employee, internal employee, internal employee assign, undertaking assign, external employee assign, external employee, function, and undertaking. Then we produce the logical diagram with relationships. And so, we have produced the physical entity relationship Diagram by analysing the logical diagram. We besides consider how those entities relate. We can cognize how to divide the tabular array and how to associate the ensuing entities by making this undertaking. We can acquire more understanding how to pull a entity relationship diagram. Undertaking 2 is to bring forth the ensuing tabular arraies from entity relationship Diagram and stipulate which is the primary keys and foreign keys. Then, we produce the entities with possible properties by the scenario. If you want, you can see the some extra properties for your tabular arraies. We can cognize how to transport the properties and how to delegate the key of primary and foreign. In undertaking 3, we normalize the four signifier design to tabular arraies. And we besides need to depict the stairss of standardization for these tabular arraies. In this undertaking, we will divide by sing the properties or Fieldss non to double. We can cognize how to make standardization for tabular array. Undertaking 4 is to construct the consequence of normalized tabular arraies as the database design and put up the possible well-designed trial informations at minimal 5 records for each tabular array. And take the information base direction system ( DBMS ) to construct the tabular array. For this undertaking, we choose the Microsoft Access 2003 for constructing the consequence tabular array. And so we set up the consequence tabular arraies by utilizing the entree 2003. And so we have entered the possible trial informations more than 5 records in the corresponding tabular array. By doing this undertaking, we have got how to construct a database system and how to enter the informations in the relevant tabular array. Undertaking 5 is to make the questions utilizing the Structured Query Language ( SQL ) . In this undertaking, we have created three questions harmonizing with the relevant tabular array. First, we produce the question which displays the name of all of Heads of Department together with other functions which they employ and the current station that they hold. The Second, we produce the question which display the name of all the current Senior Lecturers with the section name that they employ and their full wage which include the amount of the wage and the entire extra payment of all that they will have for function. The 3rd, we produce the question which display the name all of Heads of Mathematics Department from 2000 to the present and current station and making. By doing this undertaking, we have known how to make question better and how to recover the information from the relevant tabular array. By doing this assignment, we have got many experiences about the database system and how to analysis, design and implement. And so we have improved our cognition of the database system. How to cite Analysis and assumption for all task, Essay examples

Did Nostradamus Really Predict New York Attack free essay sample

? Essay, Research Paper Did Nostradamus truly predict New York onslaught? By Geert De Clercq SINGAPORE, Sept 13 ( Reuters ) # 8211 ; Internet confab suites are abuzz with talk that 16th century Gallic astrologist Nostradamus forecast the onslaught on the World Trade Center in New York. Thousands of people have received e-mails incorporating this prognostication, frequently with a 2nd portion prediction that the onslaught on the twin towers will tag the beginning of World War III. Several versions are making the unit of ammunitions. This is one of them: # 8220 ; In the twelvemonth of the new century and nine months From the sky will come a great King of Terror The sky will fire at 45 grades Fire approaches the new city. # 8221 ; The text corresponds approximately to a poetry in Nostradamus # 8217 ; s Century ( subdivision ) Six, Quatrain 97. Several books on Nostradamus have speculated that this quatrain # 8217 ; s first line refers to September 2001, the 9th month in the first twelvemonth of the new century, while the 45 grades is interpreted as the latitude of the metropolis of New York. But New York lies merely below 41 grades latitude and Nostradamus # 8217 ; s poetry does non advert a great war, contrary to what several electronic mails say. In many electronic mails, the poetry comes with a 2nd portion, which seems harder to associate to Nostradamus: # 8220 ; In the metropolis of York there will be a great prostration Two duplicate brothers torn apart by pandemonium While the fortress falls the great leader will yield Third large war will get down when the large metropolis is burning. # 8221 ; HOAXSTRADAMUS? # 8220 ; ( This 2nd quatrain ) is NOT by Nostradamus, # 8221 ; read a statement on www.nostradamus-repository.org, a Web site for Nostradamus survey. Hoax or non, assorted versions of the poetry are being forwarded by the 1000s every twenty-four hours. # 8220 ; Initially, I was truly doubting, but I went to the web to look up something on ( Nostradamus ) . Some prognostications have come true, # 8221 ; Agnes Ng, a 23-year old Singaporean accounting pupil, told Reuters on Thursday. She received one of the prognostications in an electronic mail from a friend. Before send oning the message to her contacts, she posted a transcript on Usenet newsgroup alt.prophecies.nostradamus. The e-mail she received was even more specific, calculating that: # 8220 ; The large war will get down when the large metropolis is firing on the 11th twenty-four hours of the 9th month that # 8230 ; two metal birds would crash into two tall statues in the new metropolis and the universe will stop shortly after. # 8221 ; One of the newsgroup subscribers who goes by the e-mail nickname of # 8220 ; Justaguy # 8221 ; said this was a sham. # 8220 ; It has been posted ad nauseam, # 8221 ; he said. Nostradamus prognostications surface after about every major intelligence event. False or existent, they struck a chord in Singapore. Bookstore salespeople told Reuters there had been strong demand for books on Nostradamus since Tuesday # 8217 ; s onslaughts. An Internet Hoax # 8220 ; Come the millenary, month 12 In the place of greatest power The small town imbecile will come Forth To be acclaimed the leader. # 8221 ; Shortly after the US Supreme Court selected George W. Bush as president in 2000, this quatrain made the Internet Rounds. After having many e-mail messages inquiring whether it had genuinely been written by Nostradamus, I used this site # 8217 ; s Nostradamus Search Engine to look into. The undermentioned quatrain, which refers to an # 8220 ; Idiot Heir # 8221 ; # 8212 ; non # 8220 ; Village Idiot # 8221 ; # 8212 ; is possibly the beginning of the fraud. Scroll further down this page to read remarks made by John Hogue, writer of many all right books refering Nostradamus and his prognostications. In the New York Post, you can reed: XMAS GREETINGS OF THE RICH A ; FAMOUS # 8220 ; Come the Millennium, month 12, in the place of the greatest power, the small town imbecile will come Forth to be acclaimed the leader. # 8221 ; A dubious one will non come far from the kingdom, The greater portion will desire to back up him: A Capitol, will non desire him to govern at all, His great load he will non be able to keep. This # 8220 ; dubious one # 8221 ; could stand for the intellectually lightweight George W. Bush. The # 8220 ; uncertainty # 8221 ; could connote some on-going intuition throughout his presidential term that Bush cheated Al Gore ( who won the bulk of the popular national ballot ) out of the popular ballot in Florida by fly-by-night tactics. A fraud in the Florida ballot count efficaciously gave Bush the necessary electoral ballots to # 8220 ; lawfully # 8221 ; win the election. Nostradamus # 8217 ; usage of # 8220 ; dubious one # 8221 ; could besides bespeak that with clip an of all time larger shadow of bastardy will project itself across a Bush presidential term. The 2nd line might depict a period of attempted healing during the wake of the election. A clip when a bulk of the people of America will seek to beat up around their # 8220 ; dubious # 8221 ; new president. Line three may suggest to us who President Bush # 8217 ; s existent political enemies are. By the manner, it may non be the Democrats in the stalemated Congress. My sense is it will be the right wing elements of his ain Republican Party. But the obstructions do non stop at that place. Those who # 8220 ; will non desire him to govern # 8221 ; could be those work forces behind the scenes that may hold put this maleable adult male into office to be their rehearsed marionette spokesman for their docket. How could those who put him there turn against him? Looking at Bush # 8217 ; s natal astrological chart I see the potency for great self-delusion and a preference for substance maltreatment. The maltreatment in this instance comes from the drug called # 8220 ; power. # 8221 ; At some clip in his presidential term Bush will arise against his animal trainers. As his presidential term becomes more besieged with jobs and [ deficiency of ] credibleness, he might endeavor to be his ain adult male and cease to listen to his advisors, doing even greater jobs and greater strains upon himself. The last line, hence, may depict what I fear is some nervous dislocation or wellness job coming from the overpowering force per unit areas put upon a fundamentally good, yet emotionally and intellectually immature adult male. Now, with this reading said, I wish to admonish you all that there is an even stronger application for this quatrain for an earlier Republican president ; one respected by the Gallic people. It must be remembered that Nostradamus saw the hereafter through the perceptual experience of a Frenchman. If aliens come into his vision it is because they are in some manner appreciative of, or are act uponing the hereafter of, France. We do non cognize how the Gallic will finally see Bush. Indeed the early marks point to present twenty-four hours and future ridicule. Be that as it may, on page 448 of my book Michel de notredame: The Complete Prophecies, I applied this prognostication to Richard Nixon back in 1997. Here is what I said: # 8220 ; This is [ about ] Nixon. Nostradamus would non overlook a adult male who did so much to alter the class of 20th-century history. But our prophesier, of all time the pessimist, had Nixon to # 8220 ; kick around # 8221 ; long before the controversial American president was born. # 8220 ; In line 1 Nixon is the # 8220 ; doubltful one # 8221 ; who is regarded heartily in France. Even the fretful Charles De Gaulle was an supporter. After Nixon # 8217 ; s autumn following the Watergate dirt, he could still happen regard and awards during his visits to the # 8220 ; realm # 8221 ; of France. Possibly Nostradamus is stating that Nixon is # 8220 ; non far # 8221 ; from bein g a Frenchman. In line 2 the â€Å"greater part† back uping Nixon during the 1968 presidential election was what he called the â€Å"Silent Majority.† He declared himself the title-holder of normal, middle-class Americans who were non represented in the disruptive political sphere of the late sixtiess. Line 3’s â€Å"Capitol† represents Washington DC, and the Democrat-controlled Congress of the United States. Their ferocious political competition with the Republican president eventually led to their ballot for his impeachment, coercing him to vacate from office. Line 4 depicts a Nixon burdened with the cover-up over Watergate, unable to keep power and carry through his far-reaching geopolitical dreams to stop the Cold War.† Time and events will state whether Nostradamus # 8217 ; Quatrain 13 of Century 6 describes the calamity of a president yesteryear, or president hereafter. This is credited to Nostradamus, in 1555. We picked it up off the Internet, so it might be a fraud. Still, it has amusive currency. . . Juste un rigolo! ( Just a jokester! ) + The words # 8220 ; small town # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; idiot # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; mill nium # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; mill naire # 8221 ; be in French, but they don # 8217 ; Ts exist in the Nostradamus anticipations. + Nostradamus has neer put the word # 8220 ; month # 8221 ; at the side of # 8220 ; twelve # 8221 ; . + The twelvemonth 1999 is the last exact day of the month that Nostradamus specify. So, if you are looking for # 8220 ; Nostradamus 2001 # 8243 ; , be careful. Prophecies of the ( Near ) hereafter? ( From the Epistle to Henry II ) # 8220 ; Then the great imperium of the Antichrist will get down where Attila and Xerxes descended ( Central Asia and Persia/Iran ) # 8212 ; in Numberss great and infinite, so many that the coming of the Holy Ghost, continuing from the 48th grade will do a transmigration, driving out the abomination of the Antichrist [ who is ] doing war against the Royal who will be the great Vicar of Jesus Christ, and against his Church, and his reign for a clip and to the terminal of time. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; And this will be preceded by a solar occultation more dark than any since the creative activity of the universe # 8230 ; , and there shall be in the month of October some great motion and transference and it will be such that one will believe that the Earth has lots its natural motion, and that it will be plunged into the abysm of ageless darkness ; there will be initial portents in the spring, and extraordinary alterations in rapid sequence thenceforth, reversals of lands and mighty temblors, with the addition of the new Babylon # 8230 ; , augmented by the abomination of the first Holocaust, and it will last no less than 73 old ages and 7 months # 8230 ; # 8221 ; # 8220 ; And so great peace will be established, brotherhood and Concord between the kids of the frontiers who have been gathered and separated by diverse reigns # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Century 1, Quatrain 17 For 40 old ages the rainbow will non look ; For 40 old ages it will be seen every twenty-four hours: The waterless Earth will turn more dry, And great inundations when it will be seen. Century 1, Quatrain 56 You will see, earlier and subsequently, great alterations made, Extreme horrors and retributions: For as the Moon is therefore led by its angel, The celestial spheres draw near to the calculation. Century 1, Quatrain 63 Plagues extinguished, the universe becomes smaller, For a long clip the lands will be inhabited in peace: Peoples will go safely through the sky ( over ) land and moving ridge: Then wars will get down afresh. Century 1, Quatrain 91 The Gods will do it look to the worlds, That they will be the writers of a great struggle: Sword and spear before Eden is observed as serene, So that on the left manus there will be great affliction. Century 2, Quatrain 45 Excessively much the celestial spheres weep for the Androgyne reproduction, Near the celestial spheres human blood shed: Because of decease excessively tardily a great people re-created, Late and shortly comes the anticipated aid Century 3, Quatrain 34 When the occultation of the Sun will so be, The monster ( godly portents ) will be seen in apparent daytime: Quite otherwise will one construe it, High monetary value unguarded: none will hold provided for it. Century 9, Quatrain 31 The shaking of the Earth at Mortara, The Sn islands of St. George half sunk ; Drowsy with peace, war will originate, At Easter in the temple abysms opened. Century 9, Quatrain 9 When the lamp firing with an inextinguishable fire, Will be found in the temple of the Vestals, Infant found fire, H2O go throughing through the screen, Nimes, Toulouse perish [ in ] H2O, the market to prostration. Century 9, Quatrain 99 Northern air current will do the besieging to be raised, Over the walls to throw ashes, lime chalk and dust, Through rain afterwards, which will make them much injury, Meanest aid against their frontier. Century 9, Quatrain 66 There will be peace, brotherhood and alteration, Estates and offices low [ are ] high, those high [ made ] really low: To fix for a journey torments the first progeny, War to discontinue, civil procedures, arguments. Century 10, Quatrain 42 The human kingdom of Angelic progeny, Will do its kingdom to keep in peace and brotherhood: War confined halfway inside its enclosure, For a long clip peace will be maintained for them. Century 10, Quatrain 74 The twelvemonth the great 7th figure is accomplished, Looking at the clip of the great games of slaughter: Not far from the age of the great millenary, When the dead will come out of their Gravess. Books Michel de notredame: The Complete Prophecies by John Hogue ( hardback ) Michel de notredame: The Complete Prophecies by John Hogue ( paper-back book ) Michel de notredame: Countdown to Apocalypse by Jean-Charles De Fontbrune Michel de notredame: The Final Reckoning by Peter Lemesurier Michel de notredame: The New Revelations by John Hogue The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus by Henry C. Roberts 1000 for 2000: Prophecies for the New Millennium by John Hogue The Final Prophecies of Nostradamus by Erika Cheetham Michel de notredame by Knut Boese The Keys to the Predictions of Nostradamus by Bardo Kidogo ( Note: This is a fresh. ) The Nostradamus Code by Ottavio Ramotti Michel de notredame: Prophecies Fulfilled and Predictions for the Millennium and Beyond by Skinner and King Nostradamus 1999: Who Will Survive? by Stefan Paulus Michel de notredame: The Following 50 Old ages by Peter Lemesurier The Millennium Book of Prophecy by John Hogue The Nostradamus Encyclopedia by Peter Lesurier Michel de notredame: Prophecies for Women by Manuela Dunn Mascetti Mammoth Book of Nostradamus and Other Nebiims by Damon Wilson Michel de notredame: The Man Who Saw Through Time by Lee McCann Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus by Various Subscribers Michel de notredame: Predictions for the twenty-first Century by Manfred Dimde When the Comet Runs by Tom Kay

Drug Identification with Gas Chromatography Mass S Essay Example For Students

Drug Identification with Gas Chromatography Mass S Essay pectrometryDrugs are used everyday by people in many different ways for many different reasons. Drug testing has become a standard in pre-employment testing, because of the wide variety of drug use in todays society. Drugs tested for by a possible employer include Cocaine (crack), Amphetamines (crystal), Opiates (codeine, morphine, heroin), PCP (phencyclidine), and Marijuana. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to test hair and urine samples of possible drug abusers or job applicants, and it is the best method for the testing of drug use. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are two different methods for identifying chemical substances, and the two instruments have be coupled together to perform a highly complementary analytical function. The gas chromatograph and the mass spectrometer have theories behind how their techniques work, and specific forensic applications for their instrumentation. The history and theory of the gas chromatography started over forty years ago with the invention of the capillary column. The gas chromatograph offers rapid and very high-resolution separations of a very wide range of compounds, with the only restriction that the analyzed substance needs to have sufficient volatility. The theory behind the mass spectrometer is to use the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of ionized atoms or molecules to separate them from each other. Mass spectrometry is therefore useful for quantitation of atoms or molecules and also for determining chemical and structural information about molecules. Molecules have distinctive fragmentation patterns that provide structural information to identify structural components. The combination of the gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer is very easy, because both instrument needs to be modified in excess and both are analyzed in the gas phase and have comparable sample levels and temperature ranges. The ! most important feature of the tw o instruments being coupled is that they perform complementary analytical functions.The instrumentation of the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer is very complex. The instruments parts include an injector, a carrier gas, a column, a separator, an ionization source, mass separator, and an ion detector. The injector is located on the gas chromatograph and is where the sample gas is injected into the instrument to start the process. The sample gas is then mixed with a carrier gas, which is the mobile phase in gas chromatography. The mixture proceeds into the capillary column where the separation of the sample begins. The capillary column is 15 to 60 meters in length and . 25 to .75 millimeters in diameter. Once through the capillary column the now separated sample enters the separator. The separator connects the gas chromatograph with the mass spectrometer, and separates the carrier gas from the separated components of the mixture. The sample now enters the mass spectrometers ionization source where the sample molecules are fragmented and created into! positively charged ions by high beam electrons. The fragmented positively charged ions now pass through the mass separator, which is a magnetic field. The mass separator isolates the fragmented sample into their masses. The isolated masses are read by an ion detector and then displayed as a mass chromatogram. A mass chromatograph is a graph of ion m/e abundance in relation to time. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer or GC/MS produces a mass chromatogram of a substance that acts like a fingerprint for a chemical substance. The idea that a GC/MS produces a fingerprint for a chemical substance makes this instrument a very attractive option when testing for drug identification, and testing people for drug use. Forensic scientists find a drugs identification by using a GC/MS, and use the mass chromatogram in comparison with the test results of another unknown mass chromatogram. If the two mass chromatograms match then the tested chemical substance is that drug it was matched against. Another application is using a GC/MS and testing hair or urine samples of people to determine if the subject uses drugs. Drugs tested for might encompass such well-known drugs as Cocaine (crack), Amphetamines (crystal), Opiates (codeine, morphine, heroin), PCP (phencyclidine), and Marijuana. Today, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has become the premier technique for separations and analysis of drugs. .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .postImageUrl , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:visited , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:active { border:0!important; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:active , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: David Nouhian December 21, 1998 Essay Employers will often test prospective employees for drug use. They test with either hair or urine samples of the prospective employee, and run the sample(s) through a GC/MS to determine if the possible employee has used drugs. They determine this by comparing mass chromatograms of known drugs with that of the test sample. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer is known as the best resource to prove the identification of a chemical substance, such as a drug, because of the mass chromatographs that act like a fingerprint of a chemical substance.